Administration
Phnom Penh is a municipality of area 678.46 square kilometres (261.95 sq mi) with a government status equal to that of Cambodian provinces. The municipality is subdivided into twelve administrative divisions called Khans (districts) and of these twelve Khans, Dangkao, Meanchey,Porsenchey, Sen Sok and Russei Keo are considered the outskirts of the city. All Khans are under the governance of the Phnom Penh Municipality. The Khans are further subdivided into 76 Sangkats (communes), and 637 Kroms.
The municipality is governed by the Governor who acts as the top executive of the city as well as overseeing the Municipal Military Police, Municipal Police and Bureau of Urban Affairs. Below the Governor is the First Vice Governor and 5 Vice Governors. The Chief of Cabinet, who holds the same status as the Vice Governors, heads the Cabinet consisting of 8 Deputy Chiefs of Cabinet who in turn are in charge of the 27 Administrative Departments. Every khan (district) also has a head Chief.
| List of Phnom Penh Administrative Districts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name of district (khan) | Number of communes (sangkat) | Number of villages (krom) | Population as of 2008 |
| Chamkar Mon | 12 sangkats | 95 kroms | 182,004 |
| Doun Penh | 11 sangkats | 134 kroms | 126,550 |
| Prampir Meakkakra | 8 sangkats | 33 kroms | 91,895 |
| Tuol Kouk | 10 sangkats | 143 kroms | 171,200 |
| Dangkao | 15 sangkats | 143 kroms | 257,724 |
| Mean Chey | 4 sangkats | 16 kroms | 327,801 |
| Ruessei Kaev | 6 sangkats | 21 kroms | 196,684 |
| Sen Sok | 3 sangkats | 32 kroms | 147,967 |
| Pou Senchey | 11 sangkats | 158 kroms | 183 826 |
| Chrouy Changvar | 5 sangkats | 22 kroms | |
| Preaek Pnov | 5 sangkats | 59 kroms | |
| Chbar Ampov | 8 sangkats | 30 kroms | |
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1950 | 334,000 | — |
| 1960 | 398,000 | +1.77% |
| 1970 | 457,000 | +1.39% |
| 1975 | 370,000 | −4.14% |
| 1978 | 32,000 | −55.78% |
| 1980 | 189,000 | +143.03% |
| 1985 | 351,000 | +13.18% |
| 1990 | 634,000 | +12.55% |
| 1995 | 925,000 | +7.85% |
| 2000 | 1,284,000 | +6.78% |
| 2005 | 1,677,000 | +5.49% |
| 2010 | 2,101,725 | +4.62% |
As of 2008, Phnom Penh had a population of 2,009,264 people, with a total population density of 5,358 inhabitants per square kilometre (13,877/sq mi) in a 678.46 square kilometres (262 sq mi) city area. The population growth rate of the city is 3.92%. The city area has grown fourfold since 1979, and the metro area will continue to expand in order to support the city's growing population and economy.
Phnom Penh is mostly inhabited by Cambodians (or Khmers) – they represent 90% of the population of the city. There are large minorities of Chinese, Vietnamese, and other small ethnic groups who are Thai, Budong, Mnong Preh, Kuy, Chong, and Chams. The state religion is Theravada Buddhism. More than 90% of the people in Phnom Penh are Buddhists. Chams have been practicing Islam over the years since 1993. There has also been an increase in the practice of Christianity which was practically wiped out after 1975 when the Khmer Rouge took over. The official language is Khmer, but English and French are widely used in the city.
The city has the highest Human development index in the country, with a HDI of 0.936 compared to the worst HDI indicator of 0.220 in Mondulkiri—a rural area inhabited largely by hill tribes and aborigines. The number of slum-inhabitants at the end of 2012 was 105,771, compared with 85,807 at the start of 2012.
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